Student Resources
The Student Workbook multi-use resource designed for learners of all ages to help explore the educational website. In additional to questions and discussion prompts, the workbook guides students through the various sections of the site while also offers further historical information on the events, photographs, archival material, and voices featured in the each section of the website.
Students can also explore the topics of each section in further detail below. All material featured in the sections, such as photographs, archival material, historical footage, and oral histories are fully listed. Where relevant, electronic links to those resources are provided. Each section also has a suggested reading list for those students looking to learn more about the history and topics covered in each section.
Prologue Preservationist Spirit Tides of Conservation Environmental Justice for All
Site Credits
Curators
Todd Holmes
Roger Eardley-Pryor
Paul Burnett
Collections Managers
Lorna Kirwan
David Dunham
Editorial Assistance
Tor Haugan
Shanna Farrell
Amanda Tewes
Prologue
Featured Paintings
Albert Bierstadt (1830–1902), Sunset, California Scenery, 1868, color lithograph, BANC PIC 1963.002:0401--C, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. [Bancroft Record]
Albert Bierstadt (1830–1902), Lake Tahoe, California, 1863, oil on canvas, BANC PIC 1963.002:1358--FR, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. [Bancroft Record]
Albert Bierstadt (1830–1902), Looking Down Yosemite Valley, 1870, chromolithograph, BANC PIC 1974.009--FR, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. [Bancroft Record]
Thomas Hill (1829–1908), El Capitan, 1894, oil on canvas, BANC PIC 1963.002:1365--FR, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. [Bancroft Record]
Thomas Hill (1834–1894), Sierra Nevada Landscape, 1880, oil on board, BANC PIC 1963.002:1510--FR, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. [Bancroft Record]
Norton Bush (1834–1894), Sierra Landscape, 1884, oil on canvas, BANC PIC 19xx.122--FR, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. [Bancroft Record]
Alexander Helwig Wyant (1836–1892), The View in the Sierra Mountains, California, 1865, oil on canvas, BANC PIC 1979.015--FR, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. [Bancroft Record]
Frances “Fanny” Flora Bond Palmer (1812–1876), Yosemite, California: The “Bridal Veil” Fall, 1866, color lithograph, BANC PIC 1963.002:1447--FR, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. [Bancroft Record]
Frances "Fanny Palmer 1812–1876, The Mountain Pass, Sierra Nevada, 1867, color lithograph, BANC PIC 1963.002:0744--D, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. [Bancroft Record]
Raymond Dabb Yelland (1848–1900), Indian Encampment in Yosemite Valley, 1874–1900, oil on canvas, BANC PIC 1972.043:02--FR, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. [Bancroft Record]
Raymond Dabb Yelland (1848–1900), "Chucka," Yosemite Valley, 1885, oil on board, BANC PIC 1963.002:1514--FR, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. [Bancroft Record]
Suggested Readings
William Cronon, “A Place for Stories: Nature, History, and Narrative,” The Journal of American History 78:4 (March 1992): 1347-1376.
William M. Denevan, “The Pristine Myth: The Landscape of the Americas in 1492,” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 82:3 (September 1992): 369-385.
Shepard Krech III, The Ecological Indian: Myth and History (W. W. Norton & Co., 1999).
Carolyn Merchant, American Environmental History: An Introduction (Columbia University Press, 2007).
Carolyn Merchant, ed., Green Versus Gold: Sources in California’s Environmental History (California Island Press, 1998).
Roderick Frazier Nash, Wilderness and the American Mind, Fourth Edition (Yale University Press, 2001).
Kathryn Newfont with Debbie Lee, eds., The Land Speaks: New Voices at the Intersection of Oral and Environmental History, (Oxford University Press, 2017).
Louis Warren, ed., American Environmental History, second edition (Blackwell, 2021).
Brian Williams and Mark Riley, “The Challenge of Oral History to Environmental History,” Environment and History 26:2 (May 2020): 207-231.
A Preservationist Spirit
Video Credits
Todd Holmes and Roger Eardley-Pryor, “Voices for the Environment - Episode 1: A Preservationist Spirit,” Oral History Center, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, October 2023, MP4, 08:25.
Photographs:
1906 San Francisco Earthquake and Fire Digital Collection, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
M. M. O’Shaughnessy photograph collection, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
Video Footage:
Scenes of the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake, creator unknown (1906), 00:05:33 digitized, California Audiovisual Preservation Project, California Historical Society.
Two Yosemites, directed by David Brower (1955), 00:12:00, 16mm, 1 Reel of 1 digitized by California Revealed, David Ross Brower Motion Picture Collection, MP 999, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
Podcast Credits
Todd Holmes and Roger Eardley-Pryor, narrated by Sasha Khokha, “Episode 1: A Preservationist Spirit; Voices for the Environment: A Century of Bay Area Activism,” October 3, 2023, in The Berkeley Remix, produced by Oral History Center of The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, podcast, MP3 audio, 29:52.
This podcast episode features historic interviews from the Oral History Center archives in The Bancroft Library at UC Berkeley, including segments from the “Growing Up in the Cities Project” recorded in the late 1970s by Frederick M. Wirt, as well as oral history interviews with Carolyn Merchant recorded in 2022, with Ansel Adams recorded in the mid-1970s, and with David Brower recorded in the mid-1970s. The oral history of William E. Colby from 1953 was voiced by Anders Hauge, and the oral history of Francis Farquhar from 1958 was voiced by Ross Bradford. This episode also features audio from the film Two Yosemites, directed and narrated by David Brower in 1955, which is archived at The Bancroft Library.
Photograph Credits
Image Carousel: San Francisco Before and After
Eadweard Muybridge (1830-1904), Panorama of San Francisco from California St. Hill [plates 1-2, 6-11], 1878, BANC PIC 1959.091:06–ffALB, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
Willard E. Worden, Cityscape [From Nob Hill looking Southeast], 1906, BANC PIC 1991.032:011–NEG, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
(Unknown), Fire Burning in South Market District, 1906, BAN PIC 19xx.112:066a
H.S. Hooper, The Burning of San Francisco, 1906, BANC PIC 2003.098:2–D, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
C.P. Magagnos, Fire Behind Ferry Building, 1906, BANC PIC 1958:021 Vol. 1:34–fALB, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
San Francisco and Vicinity Before and After the Big Fire, (Cardinell Rieder Co., 1906), F869.S3.93.R35, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
Florey, S.F. Ruins from Geary and Jones Streets, 1906, BANC PIC 1991.045:7–PIC, The
Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
Padilla, San Francisco Fire [East toward Nob Hill], 1906, BANC PIC 1996.006:0500–NEG, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
Padilla, San Francisco Fire [North Beach and Telegraph from Nob Hill], 1906, BANC PIC 1996.006:0501–NEG, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
George R. Lawrence, Birds-Eye View of Ruins of San Francisco [from Lawrence Captive Airship 600 Feet], 1906, BANC PIC 19xx.423.2a--C, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
George R. Lawrence, San Francisco In Ruins [from Lawrence Captive Airship 2000 Feet], 1906, BANC PIC 19xx.423:1–C, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
Image Carousel: Battles For Preservation
E.R. Freeman, “On the Redwood Highway” postcards, Save the Redwoods League photograph collection, BANC PIC 2006.030, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley
Members of Save the Redwoods League. Photograph courtesy of the Humboldt County Historical Society Collection.
John Muir and Congressman William Kent at Muir Woods National Monument, Save the Redwoods League photograph collection, BANC PIC 2006.030, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley
Muir Woods Postcards, Save the Redwoods League photograph collection, BANC PIC 2006.030, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley
Muir Woods, Edward Rogers Collection, BANC PIC 2015.013–NNEG
Hetch Hetchy Valley Before Construction, M. M. O’Shaughnessy photograph collection, BANC PIC 1992.058, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley
Hetch Hetchy Valley Reservoir After Construction, M. M. O’Shaughnessy photograph collection, BANC PIC 1992.058, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley
Featured Oral Histories
“Growing Up in the Cities: Oral History Transcriptions of Tape-Recorded Interviews,” oral histories conducted by Professor Frederick M. Wirt (1977–1979), BANC MSS 79/34 c, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
Ansel Adams, “Conversations with Ansel Adams,” an oral history conducted by Ruth Teiser and Catherine Harroun in 1972, 1974, and 1975, Oral History Center, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, 1978.
David R. Brower, “David R. Brower: Environmental Activist, Publicist, and Prophet,” an oral history conducted by Susan Schrepfer (1974–1978), Oral History Center, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, 1980.
David R. Brower, "David R. Brower: Reflections on the Sierra Club, Friends of the Earth and Earth Island Institute," oral history conducted by Anne Large in 1999, Oral History Center, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, 2012. [Oral History Transcript]
William E. Colby, “William E. Colby: Reminiscences,” an oral history conducted by Corinne L. Gilb in 1953, Oral History Center, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, 1954.
Francis P. Farquhar, “Francis P. Farquhar: On Accountancy, Mountaineering, and the National Parks,” an oral history conducted by Willa Klug Baum in 1958, Oral History Center, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, 1960.
Carolyn Merchant, “Carolyn Merchant: My Life Exploring Science, Environment, and Ethics,” an oral history conducted by Roger Eardley-Pryor in 2022, Oral History Center, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, 2023.
Suggested Readings
Cameron Binkley, “‘No Better Heritage than Living Trees’: Women’s Clubs and Early Conservation in Humboldt County,” The Western Historical Quarterly 33:2 (2002): 179–203.
James Michael Buckley, City of Wood: San Francisco and the Architecture of the Redwood Lumber Industry (University of Texas Press, 2024).
Kendrick Clements, “Engineers and Conservationists in the Progressive Era,” California History 58:4 (1979): 282–303.
William Cronon, “The Trouble with Wilderness: Or, Getting Back to the Wrong Nature,” Environmental History 1:1 (January 1996): 7-28.
Joanna L. Dyl, Seismic City: An Environmental History of San Francisco's 1906 Earthquake (University of Washington Press, 2017).
Samuel P. Hays, Conservation and the Gospel of Efficiency: The Progressive Conservation Movement, 1890-1920 (Harvard University Press, 1959).
Greg King, The Ghost Forest: Racists, Radicals, and Real Estate in the California Redwoods (PublicAffairs, 2023).
Carolyn Merchant, “Women of the Progressive Conservation Movement: 1900–1916,” Environmental Review 8:1, Special Issue: Women and Environmental History (Spring, 1984).
Char Miller, Gifford Pinchot and the Making of Modern Environmentalism (Island Press, 2001).
Robert Righter, The Battle over Hetch Hetchy: America’s Most Controversial Dam and the Birth of Modern Environmentalism (Oxford University Press, 2005).
Susan R. Schrepfer, The Fight to Save the Redwoods: A History of Environmental Reform, 1917–1978 (University of Wisconsin Press, 1983).
John Warfield Simpson, Dam!: Water, Power, Politics, and Preservation in Hetch Hetchy and Yosemite National Park (Pantheon Books, 2005).
Mark Spence, “Dispossessing the Wilderness: Yosemite Indians and the National Park Ideal, 1864-1930,” Pacific Historical Review 65:1 (Feb. 1996), 27-59.
Donald Worster, A Passion for Nature: The Life of John Muir (Oxford University Press, 2008).
Tides of Conservation
Video Credits
Todd Holmes and Roger Eardley-Pryor, “Voices for the Environment - Episode 2: Tides of Conservation,” Oral History Center, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, October 2023, MP4, 07:31.
Photographs:
Save San Francisco Bay Association founders and “Save the Bay for Us” photographs courtesy of Save The Bay.
Bumper stickers, Save San Francisco Bay Association Records, BANC MSS 87/29 c, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
Video Footage:
Soundings: On the Future of San Francisco Bay, A Report on the Findings of the San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission 1969, produced by Roy Grandey Productions (1969), 00:14:05, 16mm, 1 Reel of 1 digitized by California Revealed, Motion Picture 210 C, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
San Francisco Bay, by Laurel Reynolds and Mindy Willis for Save San Francisco Bay Association (undated), 00:27:50, U-matic, 1 tape of 1 digitized by California Revealed, Save San Francisco Bay Association Records, BANC MSS 87/29 c, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
Podcast Credits
Todd Holmes and Roger Eardley-Pryor, narrated by Sasha Khokha, “Episode 2: Tides of Conservation; Voices for the Environment: A Century of Bay Area Activism,” October 3, 2023, in The Berkeley Remix, produced by Oral History Center of The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, podcast, MP3 audio, 29:36
This podcast episode features historic interviews from the Oral History Center archives in The Bancroft Library at UC Berkeley, including segments from oral history interviews with Esther Gulick, Catherine "Kay" Kerr, and Sylvia McLaughlin recorded in 1985; with Joseph Bodovitz recorded in 1984; and with Melvin B. Lane recorded in 1984.
Photograph Credits
Image Carousel: A Model of Conservation
Ed Salzman, "Our Shrinking Bay," Oakland Tribune, 23 April 1961, Newspapers & Microforms Library, University of California Berkeley.
Bay Fill Map, Oakland Tribune, 23 April 1961.
Save The Bay Founders, Esther Gulick, Sylvia McLaughlin, and Catherine "Kay" Kerr, photograph courtesy of Save The Bay.
Yerba Buena Shoal Fill, 1937, Civil Works Projects Photographs and Related Media (1902–1978), Department of Defense, Department of the Army, Records of the Office of the Chief of Engineers, San Francisco District, Record Group 77, National Archives.
Catherine "Kay" Kerr, Filling the East Bay, 1963, Save San Francisco Bay Association Records, BANC MSS 87/29 c, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
Save San Francisco Bay Pamphlets, Save San Francisco Bay Association Records, BANC MSS 87/29 c, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
Save The Bay Bumper Stickers, Save San Francisco Bay Association Records, BANC MSS 87/29 c, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
"McAteer Stumps for Commission to Study Bay Development," Peninsula Times Tribune, 23 January 1964, Newspapers & Microforms Library, University of California Berkeley.
"Warning For ABAG On Bay Fill," Oakland Tribune, 3 October 1964, Newspapers & Microforms Library, University of California Berkeley.
Fred Garretson, "Watchdog Agency Proposed for Bay," Oakland Tribune, 25 November 1964, Newspapers & Microforms Library, University of California Berkeley.
"Conservationists Jam Hearing," Peninsula Times Tribune, 22 April 1969, Newspapers & Microforms Library, University of California Berkeley.
"Reagan Signs Bay Conservation Bill," Sacramento Bee, 7 July 1969, Newspapers & Microforms Library, University of California Berkeley.
Featured Oral Histories
Esther Gulick, Catherine Kerr, and Sylvia McLaughlin, “Save San Francisco Bay Association, 1961-1986,” an oral history conducted by Malca Chall in 1985, Oral History Center, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, 1987.
Joseph E. Bodovitz, “Joseph E. Bodovitz: Management and Policy Directions,” an oral history conducted by Malca Chall in 1984, in The San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission, 1964-1973, Oral History Center, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, 1986.
Joseph E. Bodovitz, “Joseph E. Bodovitz: Founding Director of the Bay Conservation Development Commission and the California Coastal Commission,” an oral history conducted by Martin Meeker in 2015, Oral History Center of the Bancroft Library, University of California Berkeley, 2015.
Melvin B. Lane, “Melvin B. Lane: The Role of the Chairman in Setting and Maintaining Goals,” an oral history conducted by Malca Chall in 1984, in The San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission, 1964-1973, Oral History Center, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, 1986.
Suggested Readings
Matthew Morse Booker, Down by the Bay: San Francisco’s History Between the Tides (University of California Press, 2013).
Janine Dolezel and Bruce Warren, “Saving San Francisco Bay: A Case Study in Environmental Legislation,” Stanford Law Review 23:2 ( January 1971).
Harold Gilliam, Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Bay: The Struggle to Save San Francisco Bay (Chronicle Books, 1969).
Thomas J. Osborne, "Forces of Nature: The Berkeley Trio That Led Save the Bay and Greened the California Dream," California History 100:2 (Summer 2023): 62-77.
Michael Storper, Thomas Kemeny, Naji Makarem, and Taner Osman, The Rise and Fall of Urban Economies: Lessons from San Francisco and Los Angeles (Stanford University Press, 2015).
David Vogel, California Greenin': How the Golden State Became an Environmental Leader (Princeton University Press, 2018).
Richard Walker, The Country in the City: The Greening of the San Francisco Bay Area (University of Washington Press, 2007).
Environmental Justice For All
Video Credits
Todd Holmes and Roger Eardley-Pryor, “Voices for the Environment - Episode 2: Tides of Conservation,” Oral History Center, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, October 2023, MP4, 08:46.
Photographs:
Urban Habitat Program Records, 1970-2001, BANC MSS 2002/65, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
Further material courtesy of:
Asian Pacific Environmental Network (APEN)
Library of Congress
Richmond Confidential, UC Berkeley School of Journalism
Video Footage:
Animation of Chevron Refinery Fire, Archive.org, August 6, 2012.
Chevron Refinery Fire, Richmond, CA, Democracy Now, August 8, 2012.
Chevron Refinery Fire, Richmond, CA, Democracy Now, August 6, 2013.
First National People of Color Environmental Leadership Summit, produced 1992, United Church of Christ.
San Francisco Bay, by Laurel Reynolds and Mindy Willis for Save San Francisco Bay Association (undated), 00:27:50, U-matic, 1 tape of 1 digitized by California Revealed, Save San Francisco Bay Association Records, BANC MSS 87/29 c, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
Podcast Credits
Todd Holmes and Roger Eardley-Pryor, narrated by Sasha Khokha, “Episode 3: Environmental Justice for All; Voices for the Environment: A Century of Bay Area Activism,” October 3, 2023, in The Berkeley Remix, produced by Oral History Center of The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, podcast, MP3 audio, 26:48.
This podcast episode features historic interviews from the Oral History Center archives in The Bancroft Library at UC Berkeley, including segments from oral history interviews with Carl Anthony, Pamela Tau Lee, Henry Clark, and Ahmadia Thomas, all recorded in 1999 and 2000.
Photograph Credits
Cheney Photo Company, Standard Oil Refinery A, 1914, Richmond Local History Photograph Collection, courtesy of Richmond Public Library
Capitol Rally, First National People of Color Environmental Leadership Summit, October 1991, photograph courtesy of the United Church of Christ.
Image Carousel: Environmental Justice in the Bay Area
Standard Oil Company of California refinery, Richmond, 1976, Chauncey Hare photograph archive, BANC PIC 2000.012.14:002--ffALB, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
Potentially Contaminated Sites in the San Francisco Bay Area from EPA Database, Urban Habitat Program Records, 1970-2001, BANC MSS 2002/65, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
Henry Clark at Occupy Chevron Rally, 2012, photograph courtesy of Richmond Confidential, a production of the UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism.
Stop Cancer Where It Starts flyer, Urban Habitat Program Records, 1970-2001, BANC MSS 2002/65, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition, Urban Habitat Program Records, 1970-2001, BANC MSS 2002/65, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
Yvel Sagaille, APEN march (undated), photograph courtesy of Asian Pacific Environmental Network (APEN).
People of Color Earth Day Celebration, 1995, Urban Habitat Program Records, 1970-2001, BANC MSS 2002/65, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
America’s Parks, America’s People conference, 1999, Urban Habitat Program Records, 1970-2001, BANC MSS 2002/65, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
Race, Poverty, and the Environment, Urban Habitat Program Records, 1970-2001, BANC MSS 2002/65, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
Carl Anthony Lecture on Sprawl at UCLA, Urban Habitat Program Records, 1970-2001, BANC MSS 2002/65, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
Carl Anthony with Assembly Speaker Antonio Villaraigosa, Urban Habitat Program Records, 1970-2001, BANC MSS 2002/65, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
President Clinton signing Executive Order 12898, February 11, 1994, digital archival print, William Jefferson Clinton Presidential Library.
Featured Oral Histories
Carl Anthony, “Carl Anthony: The Civil Rights Movement, and Expanding the Boundaries of Environmental Justice in the San Francisco Bay Area, 1960-1999,” an oral history conducted by Carl Wilmsen in 1999, Oral History Center, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, 2003.
Henry Clark, “Henry Clark and Ahmadia Thomas: Fighting Toxic Emissions in Richmond, California, 1984-2000,” an oral history conducted by Carl Wilmsen in 1999 and 2000, Oral History Center, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, 2003.
Pamela Tau Lee, “Pamela Tau Lee: Community and Union Organizing, and Environmental Justice in the San Francisco Bay Area, 1967-2000,” an oral history conducted by Carl Wilmsen in 2000, Oral History Center, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, 2003.
Ahmadia Thomas, “Henry Clark and Ahmadia Thomas: Fighting Toxic Emissions in Richmond, California, 1984-2000,” an oral history conducted by Carl Wilmsen in 1999 and 2000, Oral History Center, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, 2003.
Suggested Readings
Robert Bullard, ed., Unequal Protection: Environmental Justice and Communities of Color (Sierra Club Books, 1994).
Luke W. Cole and Sheila R. Foster, From the Ground Up: Environmental Racism and the Rise of the Environmental Justice Movement (NYU Press, 2001).
Eileen Maura McGurty, “From NIMBY to Civil Rights: Origins of the Environmental Justice Movement,” Environmental History 2:3 (July 1997): 301-323.
Tracy E. Perkins, Evolution of a Movement: Four Decades of California Environmental Justice Activism (University of California Press, 2022).
Bindi V. Shah, Laotian Daughters: Working toward Community, Belonging, and Environmental Justice (Temple University Press, 2012).
Julie Sze, Environmental Justice in a Moment of Danger (University of California Press, 2020).
Lindsey Dillon, Toxic City: Redevelopment and Environmental Justice in San Francisco (University of California Press, 2024).
Dorceta Taylor, Toxic Communities: Environmental Racism, Industrial Pollution, and Residential Mobility (NYU Press, 2014).
“The Principles of Environmental Justice,” adopted at the People of Color Environmental Leadership Summit, October 27, 1991, Washington, DC. [Digital Link]
Toxic Wastes and Race in the United States: A National Report on the Racial and Socio-Economic Characteristics of Communities and Hazardous Waste Sites, Commission for Racial Justice, United Church of Christ (1987). [Digital Link]